Instructions 1. Click 'Views' in the 'Untitled' box; then click 'New. Use your mouse to navigate to the folder where your map themes are stored.
Click which map theme you wish to add and click 'OK. The map theme appears on the left side of the 'View1' window. Click to check the box next to the theme name on the left side of the 'View1' window.
The map theme is displayed on the right side of the 'View1' window. Repeat the previous three steps, adding themes on top of one another. Notice how map themes function like image layers in Photoshop. The theme on the bottom is an entire state or country, the theme on top of it illustrates the bodies of water, and the theme on top of that illustrates roads and highways. Click 'File,' then 'Save Project. Meanwhile, areas of snow and freezing rain will result in treacherous travel over parts of the Midwest, Plains, and New England.
By late Sunday into Monday, unsettled conditions and colder weather will also overtake the Pacific Northwest, Great Basin, and Rockies. Many of the National Weather Service data sets are available in formats that are able to be imported directly into Geographic Information Systems GIS or your own custom map viewers or web pages. These tools are available in the tool bar described in the following screen.
The best way to learn these tools is to try them out. The theme representing the counties of the United States of America was displayed earlier. Since the focus of our exercise is to work with the counties of the State of New York, let us redefine our theme.
The properties of any theme can be viewed by first making the theme active by clicking on the theme title in the table of contents of the view. This is different than checking the title of the theme which will prompt ArcView to display the theme in the given view. Once the desired theme is active, clicking the " T heme" tool on the top bar will show a pull-down menu. By clicking on the first option of this menu i.
Through this dialog box, you can change the name of the theme, set rules for labeling features, set rules for editing features, set rules for geocoding, and decide at which scale a theme will display. We can redefine the theme to include only the counties in the State of New York. This can be accomplished by first clicking on the "Definition" icon if not already highlighted and then clicking the "Query Builder" icon. This opens up the following "Query Builder" dialog box. Since we are dealing with a geographic information system, each feature has several attributes in addition to the geographic ones showing the outline of a county.
The "Query Builder" dialog box lists the fields, a group of allowable operators, and the available values for a field once a field is selected as shown in the screen below. More complex queries are also possible, using the available Boolean and mathematical operators. After you click on the "Zoom to Full Extent of View" button, you are left with a display of the State of New York which fills the window.
The attributes of any feature in the "active" theme can be viewed by first selecting the Identify tool , and then clicking on the feature such as Madison County, New York that you may want to identify see sample screen below. Remember that themes are drawn in the bottom-to-top order in which they appear in the table of contents bar to the left of the view window. If a theme is covered over by another theme, you can make it visible by clicking and dragging its symbol upward in the table of contents.
By default, "views" have no specified projection in ArcView. Data in ArcView 3. If the themes in a view are all latitude-longitude data, you can specify a projection for your view and ArcView will re-draw the map in that projection.
The projection utility supports a number of projections and datum conversions including NAD27 to NAD83 as well as customization of projections. Additional themes such as grids or images which are based on the selected projection can also be added. However, one must remember that a view cannot reconcile themes in different projections. To display the projection of the current active view, click on the " V iew" option in the top menu bar and select the "Properties" option from the pull-down menu.
A "View Properties" dialog box, similar to the one displayed below, will be displayed.. The "View Properties" dialog box allows for setting the properties of "View" parameters including map and distance units that provide for measuring distances in the view and creating an accurate scale bar for the final map. To change a projection, you need to double-click on the "Projection" button to bring up the "Projection Properties" dialog box that allows you to alter the projection of the view.
When you specify a view projection in the "View Properties" dialog box, ArcView will display shapefiles with latitude-longitude decimal degree coordinates in the specified projection.
If all the shapefiles in a project are in latitude-longitude decimal degrees, a view projection can make the map look a lot better. Un-projected latitude-longitude maps of large areas can look very distorted.
After completing the previous section, it is obvious that all counties in the resultant map of the State of New York are displayed in one color. To start out, let's make a map that shows something simple, such as the distribution of population within state counties. You should keep in mind that the map developed so far is a geographic information system where tabular information are linked to each feature in the map representing the state counties.
To see all the available information for each of the counties, click on the Open Table tool. This opens up the basic table for the active theme table or theme attributes as shown below. This particular table includes a list of all the field we have seen earlier while defining theme properties. The FIPS code will be helpful when joining tables, since there is a unique FIPS code to identify each county in the United States although many different states may have similar county names such as "Lincoln" and "Washington" counties.
To make a map based on population, we need to go back to the View. The easiest way to do this is to click on the " W indow" option in the top menu bar, and select the view View1 in this case. Underneath the name of the theme currently "Counties. These entries are still displayed based on the original theme data which is no longer displayed since we have selectively chosen to only display the counties of the State of New York.
To change this, double click on any of the boxes to display the Legend Editor as shown below. The "Legend Editor" allows you to change how features in a theme are displayed, either as a whole, or according to the values in a specific column of the table. Since "Counties. If you were working with a "Single Symbol" "Legend Type:", you may change the color or style of the symbol for all features in the theme by first pointing to the symbol and then double-clicking the symbol will be a colored rectangle for a polygon theme, a colored line for a line theme, a dot or other point symbol for a point theme.
ArcView will display a palette from which you can choose colors, styles, border widths, and other display parameters. When you click on "Apply," the changes are applied to the map. The color of all counties in the State of New York is the same. To make the fill-in colors of the county features appear differently based on their population, we need to first select the "Graduated Color" option for "Legend Type".
The first field in the theme attributes table will be the default "Classification Field". Since we intend to have a map that shows the distribution of population among counties based on data, we ought to choose the "Pop" field. This prompts ArcView to produce a colorful thematic map in which each color indicates a difference in value as depicted in the following screen.
Underneath the "Classification Field:" selection box is a box labeled "Normalize by:". This allows you to divide the values in the selected classification field by the values in the field specified in the "Normalize by:" box. In this case, you may specify the "Area" field, and get a map based on population density.
By default, ArcView breaks up the features into five groups, based on the "Natural Breaks" statistical method. You can change the number of categories and the type of statistical classification by clicking on the "Classify Opening up the "Color Ramps:" menu bar lets you choose a different set of colors than the default "Red monochromatic" ramp colors. If none of the available color ramps are suitable, you can change each color individually by double-clicking on the corresponding symbol.
This will bring up a color and style palette. Of particular significance in some situations is the button marked with a zero.
This button lets you specify how to display null or dummy values as well as avoid using these numbers in statistical calculations. In many instances, cells for which data are not available are marked with a specific dummy value e.
You may also want to round off numbers and change the way that each grouping is labeled in the map legend. To do this, click in the "Value" cell that corresponds to the group that you wish to change and type in the values that you want included e. The "Label" fields will automatically change to match, but you can also change them manually to something like "Low", "Low-Medium", "Medium", "Medium-High", and "High" if you so desire. For the sake of this exercise, we will accept all the defaults by clicking the "Apply" button without making any further changes.
This results in the following view. The "attributes of Counties. We could, however, expand this table by adding more columns to the table, or even joining several tables together.
We can also create our own tables, either in ArcView or using other software including spreadsheet or database programs. To add a table to the project, return to the "Project" window, click on the "Tables" icon, and then click the "Add" button. This enables you to navigate to the directory where you can find the desired table in "dbf" format.
The figure displayed below shows some of the available database files that are supplied with ArcView. You will realize that these files correspond to a similar list that appeared earlier while displaying the themes provided with ArcView shape files, including the one used in this workshop i.
The "states. Tables can also be linked after finding one column in each table that contains a unique identifier by which the linking can occur. To join these two tables for example, we highlight the common column header in each table and click on the "Join" button which becomes active only after a column header in each of the two tables is selected data format in the column must be the same.
The active table at the time the "Join" button is pressed will have the combined data although data won't be transferred among tables but rather the details of the operation are maintained by ArcView. Adding a column to a table using ArcView can be accomplished either by keying in your own data or having ArcView calculate the values in the new field column based on the data in other fields columns.
To append a field to a table, click on the " T able" option from the menu bar appears when the attribute table is active , and select the "Start E diting" option from the pull-down menu.
Then click on the " E dit" option in the menu bar and select the "Add F ield This opens up the "Field Definition" dialog box as shown below. The "Field Definition" dialog box allows the user to give the new field a name, decide whether the new field is a number or a string alphanumeric field, and specify the number characters including decimal places the field will contain. To demonstrate this concept, a field will be added to the attributes of "Counties.
Accordingly, the field name "PopChange" will be entered in the "Field Definition" dialog box to represent this field while the remaining default entries are retained as depicted in the following screen.
After making these changes and clicking the "OK" button, a new empty field will be appended to the table as shown below.
To have ArcView calculate the values in the new field, click on the " F ield" option in the top menu bar and select the " C alculate After you select the new field here named "PopChange , the "Field Calculator" dialog box will help you create the formula based upon which the values in the new field are to be calculated.
Here we will take the difference between the and populations to obtain the change in population positive for an increase and negative for a decrease in population as depicted below. When the counties theme is displayed with the properties defined based on the added field, a map similar to the one displayed below results. ArcView makes it easy to create labels but the final placement of labels can be time consuming. In some instances, experimenting with several different fonts and type sizes may be necessary when working with small maps.
There are two different ways to label features. The "Label" tool allows you to click on a feature and to only label that feature. Clicking on "Theme" in the menu bar and selecting "Auto-Label" will prompt ArcView to label all of the features in the active theme.
The field from which the label is taken, and its placement relative to the feature is set through the "Theme Properties" dialog box. Auto-labeling, in particular, may require some additional work. If we were to label all counties in the State of New York for example, many of the labels would overlap several counties, while some labels may overlap each other.
Some of these problems can be avoided through the auto-label dialog box. This box appears when you select the "Auto-label Sometimes, it may be helpful to change the type font, size, and style. This may be accomplished by clicking on the " E dit" option in the top menu bar and selecting the "Select A ll Graphics" option from the pull-down menu labels are considered graphics, so they will all be selected.
Then call up the font menu by clicking on the " W indow" option in the top menu bar and select the "Show Symbol Window Clicking on the "ABC" icon will bring up the font palette through which you can change the font, size, and style of labels. To change the location of any label, you just need to select the "Pointer" tool and click on a label and drag it to the proper place.
Already existing points, lines, and polygon features may not be all what you need to use as you may want to add your own features. To do so, click on the " V iew" option in the top menu bar and select the " N ew Theme This brings up a dialog box from which you can specify whether you want to create a point, line, or polygon theme as depicted in the following screen. Selecting one kind of theme brings up the dialog box where you can give the new theme a name and specify where it will be stored.
Once a new name is selected and the "Ok" button is pressed, the right set of options from the drawing tool are displayed. For example, if you were to create a polygon theme, you may choose to select a feature among a number of ones including rectangular, round, or free-form polygons as shown below. When you draw a point, line, or polygon, you automatically create a blank row in a table.
The cell for the feature you draw indicates whether it is a point, line, or polygon. You can you tell which line in the attributes table corresponds to which feature using the "Selection" tool. First, you will need to select a row in the attribute table, resulting in the corresponding feature being also selected. If you select a feature, the corresponding line in the attributes table is also selected.
Layouts are used to combine all other documents views, tables, and charts into an output document usually a hardcopy map. Any previously composed view can be placed into a layout.
Once you develop a view that reflects the basis of a desired graphical output, your next step is to put this view into a map layout. A layout includes the view you've created, a scale bar, a North arrow, other graphics, and a legend table that explains the meaning of various symbols in the view.
To create a layout, click on the " V iew" option in the top menu bar, and select the "La y out A "Template Manager" window will provide you with several existing standard map formats. For example, you may choose between landscape and portrait paper orientations and decide whether or not to include neatlines in your map.
After you make your selection, ArcView will create a layout for you see sample below. Items in this layout can be resized, moved, or deleted. Alternatively, you may return to the "Project" window, and double-click on the "Layouts" icon. This will create a blank layout sheet and activate the "View Frame" tool. With this tool, you can place the View, legend, scale bar, and North arrow anywhere you like on the page. The layout you create can be printed or exported as a graphics file in several formats such as Bitmap, Windows Metafile, CGM, or Adobe Illustrator file.
To do so, select "File" from the menu bar, and choose "Print" or "Export" from the pull-down menu. Before you end your ArcView session, you should save your project if you intend to continue working on it in the future or want to save a copy for future reference.
To do so, click on the " F ile" option from the top menu bar and select the " S ave Project" option from the pull-down menu. The next time you begin working on this project or any other project , choose the " F ile" option from the top menu bar and select the " O pen Project To end your ArcView session, choose the "Exit" option from the same pull-down menu. As you can see, there are many more buttons and tools that were not demonstrated in this tutorial.
You can see their functions by just trying them, or can click on the "Help" option on the top menu bar and get help. The help screen provide a good overview of the software. Last modified on August 01, About GIS. Views and Themes. Types of Themes. Adding Themes to a View. Moving Around in a View. Redefining a Theme. Working with Theme Attributes. Working with Tables. Labeling Features in Views.
Adding One's Own Features. Concluding Remarks.
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